...functional family therapy (fft) is a structured family-based intervention that uses a multi-step approach to enhance protective factors and reduce risk factors in the family. functional family therapy is a blueprint program identified by the university of colorado’s center for the study and prevention of violence. ...

...cognitive-behavioral coping-skills therapy is a manualized, standalone treatment for alcohol and/or drug abuse or dependence. this intervention emphasizes identifying high-risk situations that could lead to relapse such as social situations, depression, etc. and developing skills to cope with those situations. clients engage in problem solving, role playing, and homework practice. the intervention is often provided in an individual therapy format but can be conducted in groups as well. treatment in the included studies occurred over an average of three months. studies used in this analysis evaluated the program in a population of opiate users receiving medication-assisted treatment (methadone or buprenorphine)....

...treatments in this review include several components, such as psycho-education about posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd), relaxation and other techniques for managing physiological and emotional stress, exposure (the gradual desensitization to memories of the traumatic event), and cognitive restructuring of inaccurate or unhelpful thoughts. the studies in this review employed a number of trauma-specific treatment models including prolonged exposure therapy (pe), narrative exposure therapy (net), and cognitive processing therapy (cpt). in the studies in this review, treatments provided between 1-45 therapeutic hours per client in individual or group settings. studies were conducted on all continents and subjects had experienced one of a variety of types of trauma including terrorism, sexual or physical assault, domestic violence, war, political detention, and automobile accidents....

...this meta-analysis represents a broad grouping of supervision programs which utilize “risk need responsivity” (rnr) principles. following these principles, corrections officers provide amounts of services in accordance with the individual’s risk for re-offense (risk principle), provide types of services based on the individual's unique assessed needs (need principle), and determine a treatment method that is appropriate for the individual based on individual abilities and motivation levels (responsivity principle). supervision using rnr principles focuses on high to moderate risk individuals. interventions are either cognitive behavioral or social learning techniques. this means that the supervising parole or probation officer uses motivational interviewing techniques (e.g., open ended questions, affirmations, elicitation of person reflection, etc.) as well as a behavioral or contingency management style of supervision (i.e., systems of incentives for reinforcement, disapproval, and an emphasis on self-management). supervising officers may issue violations when individuals violate the conditions of supervision....

...vocational and employment training includes a combination of vocational skills training, academic education or tutoring, and job search assistance or placement programs. these programs aim to support positive outcomes to reduce recidivism, specifically steady, long-term employment and education attainment. vocational skills training uses classroom-based job training to teach youth employable skills. as part of some training curriculums, youth can receive certification in a variety of specialties. for programs that focus on job search assistance, youth participate in interview preparation, resume building, or job placement services aided by community volunteers. commonly, job assistance programs provide total or subsidized wages which offer an additional incentive to employers in the community to work with youth. the current analysis includes programs that provide services to youth while on probation in the community. youth in the studies are classified as moderate or high risk per a validated risk assessment tool. in the included studies, participants receive services over three to six months. of the studies in our analysis that reported demographic information, 55% of participants were youth of color and 14% were female. evaluations of education and employment training (eet), mentoring programs, and vocational and employment training programs that occur while youth are in state institutions are excluded from this analysis and analyzed separately....

...correctional industries (ci) programming combines training, workforce development, and jobs with the aim of developing marketable job skills, promoting positive work ethics, and offering enhanced opportunities for post-release employment and opportunity. often, individuals work for a private sector employer, a non-profit, or in institutional industries within the prison. ci participants obtain work through an application process, which commonly includes work in metal fabrication, laundry, furniture assembly, and textile manufacturing. in washington state, ci participants are expected to complete a 20-hour employer-based cognitive training course, makin’ it work, to understand both the behaviors and expectations of employers. incarcerated individuals may earn certificates of proficiency once they complete makin’ it work, achieve 1,500+ hours of on-the-job training, and demonstrate satisfactory job performance per criteria established by the u.s. bureau of labor statistics standard occupational classifications. additionally, ci uses community employment services which connects ci participants with post-release employment with community partners (e.g., farestart—a 16-week culinary training program with housing and career assistance). the length of attendance in ci programs varies and typically depends on the length of an individual’s sentence in prison. on average, individuals in the studies in our analysis participated in ci programs for 12 months. per the studies in our analysis, ci participation is available regardless of sex, age, and risk level. ...

...police diversion programs redirect individuals who are at risk of arrest (pre-arrest) or have been arrested (pre-booking) away from the criminal legal system. these types of diversion programs are typically focused on people engaging in drug-related or low-level offenses. eligible individuals receive case management and connection to services in lieu of processing through the criminal legal system. services include substance use treatment, mental health counseling, housing assistance, and long-term wraparound services tailored to each individual. police diversion programs typically do not have a fixed duration; they provide services and case management as long as needed. ...

...in 2003 the u.s. department of justice awarded funding to states for the serious and violent offender reentry initiative (svori) for individuals transitioning from prison into the community. these programs do not adhere to one specific type of intervention or program but instead implement a model designed to address six outcomes of concern for individuals reentering from incarceration (health, education, employment, housing, substance use, and recidivism). svori involves a three-phase timeline model. the first phase is an in-prison intervention that could begin months before participants are released into the community. in the second phase, services intensify in the months before and after release. a risk/needs assessment for each participant is conducted and an individualized implementation plan is administered. in the third phase, participants are supervised within the community, and required to follow their implementation plan as a condition of release. follow-ups are conducted with each participant at 3, 9, and 15 months post-release to address adherence to the plan and the current state of affairs for each participant. ...