ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $3,252 | Benefits minus costs | $6,769 | |||
Participants | $474 | Benefit to cost ratio | $2.70 | |||
Others | $5,389 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | $1,645 | benefits greater than the costs | 58 % | |||
Total benefits | $10,759 | |||||
Net program cost | ($3,991) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $6,769 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Crime Any criminal conviction according to court records, sometimes measured through charges, arrests, incarceration, or self-report. |
32 | 4 | 669 | -0.102 | 0.064 | 34 | -0.102 | 0.064 | 44 | -0.260 | 0.001 | |
Illicit drug use disorder Clinical diagnosis of illicit drug use disorder or symptoms measured on a validated scale. When possible, we exclude cannabis/marijuana use disorder from this outcome. |
32 | 3 | 1043 | -0.263 | 0.130 | 32 | 0.000 | 0.187 | 35 | -0.462 | 0.055 | |
Hours worked^ Number of hours worked in a given time period. |
32 | 1 | 90 | -0.018 | 0.149 | 32 | n/a | n/a | n/a | -0.050 | 0.735 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Crime | Criminal justice system | $2,564 | $0 | $4,855 | $1,282 | $8,701 |
Illicit drug use disorder | Labor market earnings associated with illicit drug abuse or dependence | $133 | $312 | $0 | ($66) | $379 |
Health care associated with illicit drug abuse or dependence | $520 | $81 | $534 | $260 | $1,395 | |
Mortality associated with illicit drugs | $35 | $81 | $0 | $2,165 | $2,280 | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($1,995) | ($1,995) |
Totals | $3,252 | $474 | $5,389 | $1,645 | $10,759 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $3,783 | 2016 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | ($3,991) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2016 | Cost range (+ or -) | 10 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Belenko, S., Foltz, C., Lang, M.A., & Sung, H.-E. (2004). Recidivism among high-risk drug felons: A longitudinal analysis following residential treatment. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 40(1/2), 105-132.
Butzin, C.A., Martin, S.S., & Inciardi, J.A. (2005). Treatment during transition from prison to community and subsequent illicit drug use. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 28(4), 351-358.
Dynia, P., & Sung, H.-E. (2000). The safety and effectiveness of diverting felony drug offenders to residential treatment as measured by recidivism. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 11(4), 299-311.
Jason, L.A., Olson, B.D., & Harvey, R. (2015). Evaluating alternative aftercare models for ex-offenders. Journal of Drug Issues, 45(1), 53-68.
Martin, S.S., Butzin, C.A., Saum, C.A., Inciardi, J.A. (1999). Three-year outcomes of therapeutic community treatment for drug-involved offenders in Delaware: From prison to work release to aftercare. The Prison Journal, 79(3), 294-320.