ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $5,213 | Benefits minus costs | ($982) | |||
Participants | $533 | Benefit to cost ratio | $0.90 | |||
Others | $5,794 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($2,437) | benefits greater than the costs | 43 % | |||
Total benefits | $9,104 | |||||
Net program cost | ($10,086) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | ($982) | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Hospitalization Hospital admission, for any reason. |
44 | 2 | 252 | -0.173 | 0.094 | 46 | 0.000 | 0.118 | 47 | -0.173 | 0.067 | |
Emergency department visits Whether someone visited the emergency department, or the number of times they visited the emergency department. |
44 | 2 | 252 | -0.438 | 0.095 | 46 | 0.000 | 0.118 | 47 | -0.438 | 0.001 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Hospitalization | Health care associated with general hospitalization | $3,863 | $167 | $3,808 | $1,932 | $9,769 |
Emergency department visits | Health care associated with emergency department visits | $1,350 | $367 | $1,986 | $675 | $4,377 |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($5,043) | ($5,043) |
Totals | $5,213 | $533 | $5,794 | ($2,437) | $9,104 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $3,730 | 2001 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | ($10,086) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2001 | Cost range (+ or -) | 20 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Shah, R., Chen, C., O'Rourke, S., Lee, M., Mohanty, S.A., & Abraham, J. (2011). Evaluation of care management for the uninsured. Medical Care, 49(2), 166-171.
Shumway, M., Boccellari, A., O'Brien, K., & Okin, R.L. (2008). Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 26(2), 155-164.