ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $53 | Benefits minus costs | ($971) | |||
Participants | $22 | Benefit to cost ratio | ($0.31) | |||
Others | $47 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($351) | benefits greater than the costs | 21 % | |||
Total benefits | ($229) | |||||
Net program cost | ($741) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | ($971) | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Externalizing behavior symptoms Symptoms of externalizing behavior (e.g., aggressive, hostile, or disruptive behavior) measured on a validated scale. |
7 | 2 | 272 | -0.022 | 0.093 | 7 | -0.012 | 0.056 | 10 | -0.061 | 0.548 | |
Internalizing symptoms Symptoms of internalizing behavior (e.g., sadness, anxiety, or withdrawal) measured on a validated scale. |
7 | 1 | 159 | 0.033 | 0.125 | 7 | 0.033 | 0.125 | 9 | 0.086 | 0.491 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Externalizing behavior symptoms | Criminal justice system | $5 | $0 | $12 | $3 | $21 |
Labor market earnings associated with high school graduation | $13 | $31 | $17 | ($7) | $55 | |
K-12 special education | $17 | $0 | $0 | $9 | $26 | |
Health care associated with externalizing behavior symptoms | $44 | $13 | $46 | $22 | $125 | |
Costs of higher education | ($2) | ($3) | ($1) | ($1) | ($8) | |
Internalizing symptoms | K-12 grade repetition | ($1) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($1) |
Health care associated with internalizing symptoms | ($19) | ($5) | ($20) | ($10) | ($54) | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($367) | ($394) |
Totals | $53 | $22 | $47 | ($351) | ($229) | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $715 | 2017 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | ($741) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2017 | Cost range (+ or -) | 10 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Sheridan, S.M., Bovaird, J.A., Glover, T.A., Garbacz, S.A., Witte, A., & Kwon, K. (2012). A randomized trial examining the effects of Conjoint Behavioral Consultation and the mediating role of the parent-teacher relationship. School Psychology Review, 41(1), 23-46.
Sheridan, S.M., Witte, A.L., Holmes, S.R., Coutts, M.J., Dent, A.L., Kunz, G.M., & Wu, C.R. (2017). A randomized trial examining the effects of Conjoint Behavioral Consultation in rural schools: Student outcomes and the mediating role of the teacher–parent relationship. Journal of School Psychology, 61(2), 33-53.
Sheridan, S.M., Witte, A.L., Holmes, S.R., Wu, C., Bhatia, S.A., & Angell, S.R. (2017). The efficacy of Conjoint Behavioral Consultation in the home setting: Outcomes and mechanisms in rural communities. Journal of School Psychology, 62, 81-101.