ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $13,148 | Benefits minus costs | $39,961 | |||
Participants | $16,052 | Benefit to cost ratio | $14.41 | |||
Others | $12,064 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | $1,677 | benefits greater than the costs | 87% | |||
Total benefits | $42,941 | |||||
Net program cost | ($2,980) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $39,961 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Effect sizes (ES) and standard errors (SE) used in the benefit-cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Crime Involvement in the criminal justice system (e.g., arrests, charges, convictions, incarceration) measured through administrative records (e.g. court records, arrests) or self-report. |
33 | 2 | 338 | -0.224 | 0.102 | 34 | -0.224 | 0.102 | 42 | -0.380 | 0.019 | |
Earnings* Percent change in labor market earnings, typically weekly or monthly wages. |
33 | 1 | 232 | 0.472 | 0.167 | 34 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 35 | 0.472 | 0.005 | |
Technical violations^^ Violations of the conditions of an individual’s terms of probation, parole, or supervision. |
33 | 1 | 232 | -0.605 | 0.131 | 34 | n/a | n/a | n/a | -0.605 | 0.001 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Crime | Criminal justice system | $6,334 | $0 | $12,064 | $3,167 | $21,566 |
Earnings | Labor market earnings | $6,814 | $16,052 | $0 | $0 | $22,866 |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($1,490) | ($1,490) |
Totals | $13,148 | $16,052 | $12,064 | $1,677 | $42,941 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $2,433 | 2016 | Present value of net program costs (in 2023 dollars) | ($2,980) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2014 | Cost range (+ or -) | 10% |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Cook, P.J., Kang, S., Braga, A.A., Ludwig, J., & O’Brien, M.E. (2015). An experimental evaluation of a comprehensive employment-oriented prisoner re-entry program. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31(3), 355-382.
Duwe, G. (2015). The benefits of keeping idle hands busy: An outcome evaluation of a prisoner reentry employment program. Crime & Delinquency, 61(4), 559-586.