ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $5,927 | Benefits minus costs | $28,234 | |||
Participants | $14,714 | Benefit to cost ratio | $89.75 | |||
Others | $8,577 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($665) | benefits greater than the costs | 100% | |||
Total benefits | $28,552 | |||||
Net program cost | ($318) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $28,234 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
High school graduation On-time completion of high school with a diploma (excluding GED attainment). |
17 | 3 | 819 | 0.276 | 0.082 | 18 | 0.276 | 0.082 | 18 | 0.517 | 0.001 | |
Grade point average^ Non-standardized measure of student performance calculated across subjects. |
17 | 4 | 1402 | 0.041 | 0.028 | 18 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.115 | 0.028 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
High school graduation | Criminal justice system | $66 | $0 | $161 | $33 | $260 |
Labor market earnings associated with high school graduation | $6,939 | $16,345 | $8,905 | $0 | $32,189 | |
Costs of higher education | ($1,078) | ($1,632) | ($489) | ($539) | ($3,738) | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($159) | ($159) |
Totals | $5,927 | $14,714 | $8,577 | ($665) | $28,552 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $8,962 | 2015 | Present value of net program costs (in 2022 dollars) | ($318) |
Comparison costs | $8,695 | 2015 | Cost range (+ or -) | 25% |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Rodriguez, O., Hughes, K.L., & Belfield, C. (2012). Bridging college and careers: Using dual enrollment to enhance career and technical education pathways. (NCPR Brief). New York: Community College Research Center.