ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $142 | Benefits minus costs | ($209) | |||
Participants | $18 | Benefit to cost ratio | $0.70 | |||
Others | $22 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | $310 | benefits greater than the costs | 21 % | |||
Total benefits | $493 | |||||
Net program cost | ($702) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | ($209) | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Falls‡ An event which results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other lower level. |
76 | 1 | 222 | 0.752 | 0.058 | 76 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 77 | 0.752 | 0.001 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Falls | Health care associated with falls | $142 | $18 | $22 | $71 | $253 |
Mortality associated with falls | $0 | $0 | $0 | $590 | $590 | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($351) | ($351) |
Totals | $142 | $18 | $22 | $310 | $493 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $666 | 2016 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | ($702) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2016 | Cost range (+ or -) | 20 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Shumway-Cook, A., Silver, I.F., LeMier, M., York, S., Cummings, P., & Koepsell, T.D. (2007). Effectiveness of community-based multifactorial intervention on falls and fall risk factors in community-living older adults: A randomized, controlled trial. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 62(12), 1420–1427.