Benefit-Cost Results
Since the 1990s, the Washington State legislature has directed WSIPP to identify “evidence-based” policies. The goal is to provide Washington policymakers and budget writers with a list of well-researched public policies that can, with a high degree of certainty, lead to better statewide outcomes coupled with a more efficient use of taxpayer dollars.
Research Approach. WSIPP has developed a three-step process to draw conclusions about what works and what does not to achieve particular outcomes of legislative interest. First, we systematically assess all high-quality studies from the United States and elsewhere to identify policy options that have been tested and found to achieve improvements in outcomes. Second, we determine how much it would cost Washington taxpayers to produce the results found in Step 1, and calculate how much it would be worth to people in Washington State to achieve the improved outcome. That is, in dollars and cents terms, we compare the benefits and costs of each policy option. It is important to note that the benefit-cost estimates pertain specifically to Washington State; results will vary from state to state. Third, we assess the risk in the estimates to determine the odds that a particular policy option will at least break even. ...show more
WSIPP acknowledges the MacArthur Foundation and the Pew Charitable Trusts that have helped fund some of the research reported on this page.
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Overview of WSIPP's Benefit-Cost Model
Estimating Program Effects Using Effect Sizes
For details on our benefit-cost methods, contact Heather Grob or download our Technical Documentation.
Latest Results. The tables on this webpage present our current findings for a variety of public policy topics. Items on these tables are updated periodically as new information becomes available. Interested readers can find more information by clicking each entry in the tables.
Use the search fields below to find specific benefit-cost results that match certain criteria. If you want to find other information on our website that is not benefit-cost results, you can use the search field in the navigation bar at the top, or click here to search the entire website.
Benefit-cost methods last updated December 2023
Current estimates replace old estimates. Numbers will change over time as a result of model inputs and monetization methods.
Pre-K to 12 Education
|
Program name (click on the program name for more detail) |
Date of last literature review
|
Total benefits
|
Taxpayer benefits
|
Non-taxpayer benefits
|
Costs
|
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
|
Benefit to cost ratio
|
Chance benefits will exceed costs
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr. 2018 | $50,997 | $11,673 | $39,324 | ($5,334) | $45,663 | $9.56 | 72% | |
| Apr. 2020 | $48,020 | $19,560 | $28,460 | ($11,495) | $36,525 | $4.18 | 91% | |
| Jan. 2018 | $35,403 | $7,797 | $27,606 | ($885) | $34,518 | $40.01 | 100% | |
| Mar. 2020 | $25,703 | $5,602 | $20,101 | ($104) | $25,599 | $246.31 | 81% | |
| May. 2015 | $22,338 | $4,925 | $17,412 | ($581) | $21,757 | $38.47 | 98% | |
| Apr. 2020 | $22,937 | $5,223 | $17,714 | ($2,147) | $20,790 | $10.68 | 98% | |
| Jul. 2019 | $28,445 | $8,457 | $19,987 | ($7,929) | $20,516 | $3.59 | 80% | |
| Feb. 2018 | $20,584 | $4,505 | $16,078 | ($257) | $20,327 | $80.22 | 70% | |
| Mar. 2020 | $19,445 | $4,246 | $15,200 | ($147) | $19,298 | $131.87 | 64% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $19,158 | $4,181 | $14,976 | ($130) | $19,028 | $147.84 | 98% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $17,113 | $3,748 | $13,365 | ($234) | $16,879 | $73.27 | 93% | |
| Sep. 2014 | $18,894 | $4,340 | $14,554 | ($2,114) | $16,780 | $8.94 | 83% | |
| Jul. 2019 | $26,605 | $9,901 | $16,704 | ($9,982) | $16,623 | $2.67 | 71% | |
| May. 2020 | $18,940 | $4,447 | $14,493 | ($3,010) | $15,929 | $6.29 | 92% | |
| Feb. 2020 | $16,539 | $3,900 | $12,639 | ($1,875) | $14,664 | $8.82 | 57% | |
| Jan. 2018 | $14,276 | $3,113 | $11,163 | ($69) | $14,207 | $206.61 | 94% | |
| Jul. 2014 | $14,407 | $3,172 | $11,234 | ($354) | $14,052 | $40.66 | 81% | |
| Jul. 2019 | $15,992 | $3,584 | $12,409 | ($3,342) | $12,651 | $4.79 | 90% | |
| Mar. 2021 | $12,556 | $2,737 | $9,819 | ($58) | $12,498 | $217.64 | 64% | |
| Mar. 2020 | $11,786 | $2,582 | $9,204 | ($170) | $11,616 | $69.27 | 69% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $11,527 | $2,542 | $8,985 | ($315) | $11,212 | $36.59 | 79% | |
| Jun. 2021 | $11,473 | $3,893 | $7,580 | ($809) | $10,665 | $14.19 | 66% | |
| Apr. 2020 | $11,124 | $2,490 | $8,635 | ($643) | $10,481 | $17.30 | 69% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $8,860 | $1,961 | $6,900 | ($305) | $8,555 | $29.01 | 82% | |
| Apr. 2020 | $9,548 | $2,264 | $7,284 | ($1,722) | $7,827 | $5.55 | 62% | |
| Mar. 2020 | $8,173 | $1,850 | $6,323 | ($661) | $7,512 | $12.36 | 63% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $8,539 | $1,978 | $6,561 | ($1,112) | $7,427 | $7.68 | 94% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $7,466 | $1,634 | $5,832 | ($90) | $7,376 | $82.91 | 64% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $7,874 | $1,862 | $6,012 | ($1,372) | $6,501 | $5.74 | 88% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $6,022 | $1,415 | $4,608 | ($962) | $5,060 | $6.26 | 57% | |
| Nov. 2020 | $5,052 | $1,100 | $3,952 | ($12) | $5,041 | $436.78 | 60% | |
| Jun. 2020 | $5,205 | $1,186 | $4,018 | ($179) | $5,026 | $29.08 | 55% | |
| Feb. 2018 | $4,760 | $1,040 | $3,719 | ($46) | $4,713 | $103.14 | 57% | |
| Jun. 2020 | $4,686 | $1,057 | $3,629 | ($290) | $4,396 | $16.14 | 52% | |
| Oct. 2015 | $3,291 | $720 | $2,570 | ($43) | $3,248 | $76.95 | 87% | |
| May. 2020 | $4,407 | $1,109 | $3,298 | ($1,382) | $3,025 | $3.19 | 71% | |
| Apr. 2012 | $15,943 | $4,887 | $11,055 | ($12,997) | $2,946 | $1.23 | 52% | |
| Apr. 2018 | $5,190 | $1,404 | $3,786 | ($2,383) | $2,807 | $2.18 | 74% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $3,010 | $693 | $2,317 | ($353) | $2,658 | $8.54 | 60% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $2,749 | $608 | $2,141 | ($93) | $2,655 | $29.45 | 57% | |
| Jan. 2013 | $2,166 | $499 | $1,667 | ($247) | $1,919 | $8.76 | 94% | |
| May. 2015 | $3,692 | $1,019 | $2,673 | ($1,989) | $1,703 | $1.86 | 64% | |
| Nov. 2020 | $1,378 | $301 | $1,077 | ($8) | $1,369 | $167.70 | 53% | |
| Jun. 2014 | $1,433 | $327 | $1,106 | ($138) | $1,295 | $10.37 | 58% | |
| Jan. 2013 | $1,413 | $335 | $1,078 | ($247) | $1,165 | $5.71 | 84% | |
| Mar. 2020 | $1,313 | $360 | $954 | ($682) | $632 | $1.93 | 51% | |
| Jan. 2013 | $843 | $211 | $632 | ($247) | $596 | $3.41 | 70% | |
| Jan. 2013 | $666 | $172 | $494 | ($247) | $418 | $2.69 | 62% | |
| Mar. 2020 | $503 | $200 | $304 | ($102) | $401 | $4.93 | 84% | |
| Jan. 2013 | $506 | $134 | $371 | ($224) | $282 | $2.26 | 56% | |
| Jan. 2013 | $444 | $118 | $326 | ($200) | $244 | $2.22 | 54% | |
| Jan. 2013 | $434 | $117 | $318 | ($202) | $232 | $2.14 | 54% | |
| Jun. 2014 | ($20) | $7 | ($27) | ($105) | ($124) | ($0.19) | 39% | |
| Mar. 2020 | ($1,084) | ($159) | ($925) | ($707) | ($1,791) | ($1.53) | 47% | |
| Dec. 2013 | $766 | $520 | $246 | ($3,251) | ($2,485) | $0.24 | 40% | |
| Jun. 2014 | ($4,517) | ($980) | ($3,537) | ($22) | ($4,539) | ($209.36) | 30% | |
| Mar. 2020 | ($9,022) | ($1,937) | ($7,085) | ($161) | ($9,182) | ($56.19) | 11% | |
| Apr. 2012 | ($6,398) | ($837) | ($5,561) | ($5,100) | ($11,497) | ($1.25) | 33% | |
| Apr. 2012 | $1,594 | $4,549 | ($2,955) | ($13,103) | ($11,509) | $0.12 | 33% |
Other Pre-K to 12 Education topics reviewed; benefit-cost results not yet available:
|
Program name (click on the program name for more detail) |
Date of last literature review | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
"Nudge" attendance program
| Sep. 2020 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Ability School Engagement Program
| Mar. 2020 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Academic vocabulary instruction
| Mar. 2018 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Charter schools: Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP)
| Aug. 2013 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Charter schools: non-urban charter schools
| Aug. 2013 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Charter schools: overall impact
| Aug. 2013 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Charter schools: urban charter schools
| Aug. 2013 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Daily Behavior Report Cards
| Apr. 2018 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Harlem Children's Zone - Promise Academy® K-12 Charter Schools
| Jun. 2020 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Model early childhood education programs
| Dec. 2013 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) certified teachers (for elementary school students)
| Mar. 2018 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) certified teachers (for secondary school students)
| Mar. 2018 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Pre-K and elementary bilingual instruction for English language learners
| Jun. 2014 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Principal quality
| Aug. 2013 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
School Transitional Environmental Program (STEP)
| Sep. 2020 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Teacher experience
| Apr. 2012 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Teacher graduate degrees
| Apr. 2012 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Teacher in-subject graduate degrees
| Apr. 2012 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
|
Transition programs for incoming kindergarteners
| Mar. 2018 | Click for meta-analytic results | |
| Click to expand | |||
