...employment counseling programs with job training teach skills necessary for seeking employment. these include both hard skills (e.g., job preparedness and skills training) and soft skills, (e.g., effective job searches, applications, and resumes). some programs may also specifically address barriers to employment for convicted persons. the studies in this category differ from those in the “employment counseling and job training in the community," as each program in this category also includes subsidized or transitional jobs to help participants transition to regular employment. for this broad grouping of studies, programs were delivered in the community after release from incarceration for a period of three to nine months....

...employment counseling and job training programs teach skills necessary for seeking employment after incarceration. these include both hard skills (e.g., job preparedness and skills training) and soft skills, (e.g., effective job searches, applications, and resumes). these programs may be sequential, where participants first undergo job training and then receive work experience, or follow individualized employment plans. participants may also receive employment placement assistance from a specialist. some programs may also specifically address barriers to employment for convicted persons. for this group of studies, job training and employment assistance first began during incarceration and continued upon reentry into the community for up to 12 months. compared with other employment and job training programs reviewed by wsipp, this program is the most intensive due to its transitional nature as well as its focus on hard skills and soft skills. ...

...group exercise programs for falls prevention aim to prevent falls by providing exercise classes that address risk factors. vitamin d interventions for falls prevention prescribe daily supplements of vitamin d, aiming to improve bone density. group exercise and vitamin d programs include both of these interventions. in the included study, physiotherapists taught one or two classes weekly at an exercise hall or a gym. for the rest of each week, participants were assigned home-based exercises for 5 to 15 minutes daily. a variety of exercise types were offered, including balance-challenging, strengthening, and agility exercises. participants also received one daily pill containing 800 iu of vitamin d3. the program was provided to community-dwelling older women with a history of falls and lasted two years....

...evaluations of health care policies and programs often measure two broad types of outcomes: (1) those that reflect the health status of people (e.g., disease incidence) and (2) those that reflect health care system costs and utilization. cost and utilization measures may or may not be an indication of health status or well-being. the effect reported below reflects changes in medical costs resulting from increases in patient copays for multiple services (prescription drugs, office visits, emergency department visits, and outpatient surgery). the effect size is the price elasticity for medical expenditures. estimates are derived from data for low-income adults (< 300% federal poverty line) with a chronic condition in a subsidized health plan....

...eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) is a psychological treatment commonly used to treat posttraumatic stress disorder. during treatment, clients focus on the traumatic memory for 30 seconds at a time while the therapist provides a stimulus. for most clients, the therapist moves a hand slowly back and forth in front of the client (eye movement) but other stimuli may be used. clients report on what thoughts come up and are guided to refocus on that thought in the next stimulus session. during therapy visits, clients report the level of distress they feel. in later phases, a positive thought is emphasized during the stimulus sessions. afterward, clients are asked to focus on residual physical tensions they may feel in order to enhance relaxation. a more complete description of this therapy is available at: http://www.emdrnetwork.org/description.html we evaluated studies where emdr was used in the treatment of ptsd confirmed by a diagnosis using the criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm). studies consisted of patients with a variety of traumatic experiences, including combat, sexual abuse or assault, physical or emotional abuse, accidents, and war or disaster experiences. we only included studies where emdr was compared to a control condition receiving treatment as usual, which consisted of standard care or a wait list for care. one study was included in which patients had comorbid psychosis disorder. patients in the studies received between two and twelve total sessions of emdr. ...

...a wide variety of interventions were used in the preschool programs that we reviewed. these included nutrition education for children and parents, additional time engaged in physical activity, and healthier snacks and drinks during the school day. the interventions were conducted in preschools serving children three to six years old. ...

...project star (students taught awareness and resistance; also known as the midwestern prevention project) is a comprehensive universal prevention program aimed at preventing or reducing youth substance use. the school component is implemented at the transition to middle school and consists of 10-13 classroom lessons using active social learning techniques (e.g., role-playing and discussion) and homework, plus five booster sessions implemented in the following school year. parent, community, and mass media components are also implemented over a three- to five-year period to address multiple influences on youth substance use. ...

...linked learning communities co-enroll undergraduate students in two or more courses with the aim to improve academic achievement through increased social and curricular integration. learning community instructors, sometimes with assistance from a coordinator, integrate curricula by creating lesson plans and shared assignments that facilitate collaboration among students and connections between courses. in this meta-analysis, students were in their first year at a community college and required developmental education. student cohorts were co-enrolled in a developmental math or reading course linked with a student success course, which provided lessons focused on time management practices, goal setting and planning, study skills, and using academic and campus resources. students were enrolled in a learning community for one semester....

...studies included in this meta-analysis estimate the effects of a change in the price of tuition at 4-year colleges on students’ college outcomes, including the likelihood that a student will enroll in college. results are presented as “elasticities” and are interpreted as the percent change in an outcome we expect from a 1% increase in tuition price. this meta-analysis includes only studies that examine tuition price without subtracting federal pell grants from full price values. in addition, this meta-analysis includes only studies that use individual-level data in their analyses. results of group-level analyses can differ from the results of analyses of the individuals within the same groups. the studies in this meta-analysis evaluate the effects of a tuition price increase for students who are still attending high school or have recently graduated high school and have not yet enrolled in college....