ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $3,896 | Benefits minus costs | $12,963 | |||
Participants | $5,865 | Benefit to cost ratio | n/a | |||
Others | $1,578 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | $1,069 | benefits greater than the costs | 95 % | |||
Total benefits | $12,408 | |||||
Net program cost | $555 | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $12,963 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Anxiety disorder Clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (e.g., general anxiety, panic, social anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder) or symptoms measured on a validated scale. |
11 | 8 | 217 | -0.615 | 0.217 | 11 | -0.243 | 0.199 | 12 | -1.080 | 0.001 | |
Global functioning^ How well individuals (typically those who are developmentally disabled or seriously mentally ill) have adapted to activities of daily living. |
11 | 2 | 66 | 0.456 | 0.246 | 11 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.825 | 0.053 | |
Internalizing symptoms Symptoms of internalizing behavior (e.g., sadness, anxiety, or withdrawal) measured on a validated scale. |
11 | 5 | 110 | -0.506 | 0.158 | 11 | -0.506 | 0.158 | 13 | -0.854 | 0.001 | |
Major depressive disorder Clinical diagnosis of major depression or symptoms measured on a validated scale. |
11 | 3 | 82 | -0.225 | 0.184 | 11 | 0.000 | 0.310 | 13 | -0.377 | 0.041 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Major depressive disorder | Mortality associated with depression | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Anxiety disorder | Labor market earnings associated with anxiety disorder | $2,313 | $5,432 | $0 | $0 | $7,745 |
Internalizing symptoms | K-12 grade repetition | $55 | $0 | $0 | $27 | $82 |
Health care associated with internalizing symptoms | $1,529 | $432 | $1,578 | $765 | $4,304 | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | $277 | $277 |
Totals | $3,896 | $5,865 | $1,578 | $1,069 | $12,408 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $477 | 2015 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | $555 |
Comparison costs | $927 | 2010 | Cost range (+ or -) | 30 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
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